![]() ![]() Testing: could cause modifications to the participant’s scores obtained in the second administration as a result of having taken a pre-intervention test. Example: In an experiment where performance on a logical reasoning test is the dependent variable, a pre-test hints the subjects regarding the post-test. The level of statistical regression is inversely associated with the reliability of the test. When measurement of the dependent variable is not perfectly reliable, there exists a tendency for extreme scores to regress or move toward the mean. Statistical regression: It is the result of a tendency for topics chosen on the basis of extreme scores to regress towards the mean on subsequent tests. Example: the performance of first graders in a learning test starts decreasing after Forty-five minutes due to fatigue. Maturation: Subjects change over the course of the test or even between measurements. The chance that a variation between the pre- and post-tests could be the outcome of the physical or mental maturation of the individuals rather than of variations in the independent variable. ![]() History: the happening of events or conditions which are irrelevant to the treatment but which take place during the research to a group of people and produce changes in the outcome measure. Examples of Threats to Internal Validity in Quantitative Research Work ![]()
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